What is a database?
The database is an integrated collection of related information with details so that it is available to different users for different applications.
A database is usually controlled by a DBMS (Database Management System).
Properties of a database:-
A database represents some perspective of the real world.
A database is a coherent collection of data with some underlying meaning.
A database is designed for a specific purpose.
What is DBMS?
DBMS stands for Database Management System, a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain databases. DBMS is a software system that represents the processes of defining, constructing, manipulating, and sharing databases between different users and applications.
Defining: - In defining, specifies the database specifying the type, structure, and data of the data stored in the database.
Creation:- In creation, the database is the process of storing data on some storage medium which is controlled by DBMS.
Manipulations:- Manipulations include tasks such as querying the database, updating the database to retrieve specific data in the database.
Sharing:- A database allows multiple users and programs to access the database simultaneously.
The Advantages of DBMS:-
1. Data integrity
2. data sharing
3. Security
4. Data redundancy
5. Concurrency control
6. Data consistency
Disadvantages of DBMS:-
1. Costly
2. Data corruption
Types of DBMS :
There are four types of database management systems (DBMS).
1. Hierarchical DBMS
2. Network DBMS
3. Relational DBMS
4. Object-oriented DBMS
5. Hierarchical DBMS:-
The hierarchical database was developed by IBM in the 1980s.
Every child node has a single parent in the hierarchical database.
The relationship between the records in the hierarchical database is the parent-child.
Benefit:
We can rapidly access and update hierarchical databases.
In this database, we store the data tree form.
Disadvantages:
One parent per child.
Data independence.
Network DBMS:-
The network database structure was an invention by Charles Bachchan.
It is a database that represents a network data model. A network database is similar to a hierarchical database separated by a key point in that the network database may have relationships with multiple entities in a node.
Network database management systems (Network DBMS) form relationship bodies form network structures.
Advantages:
Ease of data access.
Data independence.
Disadvantages:
System complexity
Maintenance
3. Relational DBMS: -
A relational database is based on a relational data model, using a collection of 'tables' to represent both data and relationships between those data.
A relational database is a collective set of several data sets. Which is represented by tables, records, and columns.
In the relational model, each table has many columns and each column has a unique name.
Advantages:
Flexibility
Accuracy
Speed
Disadvantages:
Cost
Structured boundaries
Object-oriented DBMS: -
Object-oriented databases classify data as objects and classes.
Object-oriented OOPs follow concepts. And in the object-oriented concept, an object is a real-world entity and a class is a collection of objects.
Advantages:
User-defined type
Flexibility
easy to handle
Disadvantages:
more complicated.
Not many programming languages support object databases.
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